In the US, the problem is primary and secondary education. We've had such an increase in inequality because a quarter of American kids don't finish high school!
Milton Friedman. . I think the Adam Smith role was played in this cycle i.e. the late twentieth century collapse of socialism in which the idea of free-markets succeeded first, and then special events catalyzed a complete change of socio-political policy in countries around the world by Friedrich Hayek's The Road to Serfdom.
Milton Friedman