Regression analyses show that self-efficacy contributes to achievement behavior beyond the effects of cognitive skills

Perceived self-efficacy influences the types of causal attributions people make for their performances

Psychology cannot tell people how they ought to live their lives. It can however, provide them with the means for effecting personal and social change.

Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. Fortunately, most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action.

What people think, believe, and feel affects how they behave. The natural and extrinsic effects of their actions, in turn, partly determine their thought patterns and affective reactions.

Self-appraisals are influenced by evaluative reactions of others.

Convictions that outcomes are determined by one's own actions can be either demoralizing or heartening, depending on the level of self-judged efficacy. People who regard outcomes as personally determined, but who lack the requisite skills, would experience low self-efficacy and view the activities with a sense of futility