True courage is not the brutal force of vulgar heroes, but the firm resolve of virtue and reason.

Every epoch has its character determined by the way its population reacts to the material events which they encounter.

Learning preserves the errors of the past, as well as its wisdom. For this reason, dictionaries are public dangers, although they are necessities.

Life is the enjoyment of emotion, derived from the past and aimed at the future.

No reason can be given for the nature of God, because that nature is the ground of rationality.

The difference between ancients and moderns is that the ancients asked what have we experienced, and moderns asked what can we experience.

Philosophy is the self-correction by consciousness of its own initial excess of subjectivity.