These, then, are the four kinds of royalty. First the monarchy of the heroic ages; this was exercised over voluntary subjects, but limited to certain functions; the king was a general and a judge, and had the control of religion The second is that of the barbarians, which is a hereditary despotic government in accordance with law. A third is the power of the so-called Aesynmete or Dictator; this is an elective tyranny. The fourth is the Lacedaemonian, which is in fact a generalship, hereditary and perpetual.

Men create the gods after their own images.

The student of politics therefore as well as the psychologist must study the nature of the soul.

The generality of men are naturally apt to be swayed by fear rather than reverence, and to refrain from evil rather because of the punishment that it brings than because of its own foulness.

The angry man wishes the object of his anger to suffer in return; hatred wishes its object not to exist.

Doubt is the beginning of wisdom

Speech is the representation of the mind, and writing is the representation of speech.