I labored hard to avoid trouble and bloodshed.

Finest fur may cover toughest meat.

All men were made by the Great Spirit Chief. They are all brothers.

Whenever the white man treats the Indian as they treat each other then we shall have no more wars. We shall be all alike - brothers of one father and mother, with one sky above us and one country around us and one government for all. Then the Great Spirit Chief who rules above will smile upon this land and send rain to wash out the bloody spots made by brothers' hands upon the face of the earth. For this time the Indian race is waiting and praying. I hope no more groans of wounded men and women will ever go to the ear of the Great Spirit Chief above, and that all people may be one people.

For a short time we lived quietly. But this could not last. White men had found gold in the mountains around the land of winding water.

Treat all men alike. Give them the same law. Give them an even chance to live and grow.

When I think of our condition, my heart is heavy. I see men of my own race treated as outlaws and driven from country to country, or shot down like animals.