We did not know there were other people besides the Indian until about one hundred winters ago, when some men with white faces came to our country.

All men were made brothers. The earth is the mother of all people, and all people should have equal rights upon it. You might as well expect the rivers to run backward as that any man who was born free should be content when penned up and denied liberty to go where he pleases.

We had a great many horses, of which we gave Lewis and Clark what they needed, and they gave us guns and tobacco in return.

We gathered all the stock we could find, and made an attempt to move. We left many of our horses and cattle in Wallowa. We lost several hundred in crossing the river.

Hear me, my chiefs! I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.

A man who would not love his father's grave is worse than a wild animal.

I did not want my people killed. I did not want bloodshed.