Radioactivity is shown to be accompanied by chemical changes in which new types of matter are being continually produced. .... The conclusion is drawn that these chemical changes must be sub-atomic in character.
Ernest Rutherford[From uranium] there are present at least two distinct types of radiation one that is very readily absorbed, which will be termed for convenience the ฮฑ radiation, and the other of a more penetrative character, which will be termed the ฮฒ radiation.
Ernest RutherfordIt was almost as incredible as if you fired a 15-inch shell at a piece of tissue paper and it came back and hit you.
Ernest Rutherford