A cancer is not simply a lung cancer. It doesn't simply have a certain kind of appearance under the microscope or a certain behavior, but it also has a set of changes in the genes or in the molecules that modify gene behavior that allows us to categorize cancers in ways that is very useful in thinking about new ways to control cancer by prevention and treatment.

I keep encouraging the pharmaceutical companies to put more money into R&D.

Anyone graduating from medical school in 1966 had first to fulfill military service before launching a career. Fiercely opposed to the Vietnam War, I sought to avoid it through an assignment to the Public Health Service.

Tobacco, UV rays, viruses, heredity, and age are the main causes of cancer.

In general, all cancers have been traditionally characterized by the way they appear under the microscope and the organs in which they arise.

There are three great themes in science in the twentieth century : the atom, the computer, and the gene.

Our biggest single theme is trying to make the NIH work better with the same amount of money.