If, during the course of the game, it be discovered that any error or illegality has been committed in the moves of the pieces, the moves must be retraced, and the necessary correction made, without penalty.

After black's reply to 1.e4 with 1..e5, leaves him always trying to get into the game

Each player, it will be observed, has eight superior Pieces or officers, and eight minor ones which are called Pawns; and, for the purpose of distinction, the Pieces and Pawns of one party are of a different color from those of the other.

For touching an adversary's man, when it cannot be captured, the offender must move his King.

When neither party can give checkmate, the game is drawn

Be cautious of playing your Queen in front of your King and in subjecting yourself to a discovered check. It is better when check is given to your King to interpose a man that attacks the checking Piece than with one that does not.

The Bishop moves diagonally forwards or backwards, to the extent of the Board.