In the kingdom of ends everything has either a price or a dignity. Whatever has a price can be replaced by something else as its equivalent; on the other hand, whatever is above all price, and therefore admits of no equivalent, has a dignity. But that which constitutes the condition under which alone something can be an end in itself does not have mere relative worth, i.e., price, but an intrinsic worth, i.e., a dignity.

Animals... are there merely as a means to an end. That end is man.

Freedom is the alone unoriginated birthright of man, and belongs to him by force of his humanity.

. . . as to moral feeling, this supposed special sense, the appeal to it is indeed superficial when those who cannot think believe that feeling will help them out, even in what concerns general laws: and besides, feelings which naturally differ infinitely in degree cannot furnish a uniform standard of good and evil, nor has any one a right to form judgments for others by his own feelings. . . .

A society that is not willing to demand a life of somebody who has taken somebody else’s life is simply immoral.

Science is organized knowledge. Wisdom is organized life.

Art is purposiveness without purpose.