The papacy again, representing the traditional unity of European civilization, has also shown itself unable to limit effectively the push of nationalism.

Since every man desires happiness, it is evidently no small matter whether he conceives of happiness in terms of work or of enjoyment.

We may affirm, then, that the main drift of the later Renaissance was away from a humanism that favored a free expansion toward a humanism that was in the highest degree disciplinary and selective.

To harmonize the One with the Many, this is indeed a difficult adjustment, perhaps the most difficult of all, and so important, withal, that nations have perished from their failure to achieve it.

The ultimate binding element in the medieval order was subordination to the divine will and its earthly representatives, notably the pope.

According to the new ethics, virtue is not restrictive but expansive, a sentiment and even an intoxication.

Inasmuch as society cannot go on without discipline of some kind, men were constrained, in the absence of any other form of discipline, to turn to discipline of the military type.