In general, every stimulus directs activity. It does not simply excite it or stir it up, but directs it toward an object.
John DeweyA child may have to be snatched with roughness away from a fire so that he shall not be burnt.
John DeweyOne might as well say he has sold when no one has bought as to say he has taught when no one has learned.
John Dewey[T]he schools, through reliance upon the spur of competition and the bestowing of special honors and prizes, only build up and strengthen the disposition that makes an individual when he leaves school employ his special talents and superior skill to outwit his fellow without respect for the welfare of others
John Dewey