The hardest problems of pure and applied science can only be solved by the open collaboration of the world-wide scientific community.

My graduate studies were carried out at the California Institute of Technology.

In consequence, science is more important than ever for industrial technology.

One other hobby of mine has been playing the oboe but I have not kept this up after 1969.

In 1975 I met Alison Brown and in 1982 we were married. She works for Cornell Computer Services.

Through this additional support, we must renew our commitment to provide talented young people with the opportunity to build scientific careers based on their curiosity, the same opportunity that was provided to me when I began my work.

The Nobel award occasions a unique celebration of the vision of science by the public at large. The prestige the prize confers today is largely due to the extraordinary diligence of the Nobel committees.