States in the world are like individuals in the state of nature. They are neither perfectly good nor are they controlled by law.

War most often promotes the internal unity of each state involved. The state plagued by internal strife may then, instead of waiting for the accidental attack, seek the war that will bring internal peace.

External pressure seems to produce internal unity.

Asking who won a given war, someone has said, is like asking who won the San Francisco earthquake. That in war there is no victory but only varying degrees of defeat is a proposition that has gained increasing acceptance in the twentieth century.

Each state pursues its own interest's, however defined, in ways it judges best. Force is a means of achieving the external ends of states because there exists no consistent, reliable process of reconciling the conflicts of interest that inevitably arise among similar units in a condition of anarchy.

Once socialism replaces capitalism, reason will determine the policies of states.

To solve these problems one needs as much an understanding of politics as an understanding of man - and the one cannot be derived from the other.