The implication of game theory, which is also the implication of the third image, is, however, that the freedom of choice of any one state is limited by the actions of the others.

External pressure seems to produce internal unity.

Then what explains war among states? Rousseau's answer is really that war occurs because there is nothing to prevent it.

The most important causes of political arrangements and acts are found in the nature and behavior of man.

With many sovereign states, with no system of law enforceable among them, with each state judging its grievances and ambitions according to the dictates of its own reason or desire - conflict, sometimes leading to war, is bound to occur.

In anarchy there is no automatic harmony .

The best critical consideration of the inherent weakness of a federation of states in which the law of the federation has to be enforced on the states who are its members is contained in the Federalist Papers.