Experience teaches us that thought does not express itself in words, but rather realizes itself in them

Pedagogy must be oriented not to the yesterday, but to the tomorrow of the child's development. Only then can it call to life in the process of education those processes of development which now lie in the zone of proximal development

There is reason to believe that voluntary activity, more than highly developed intellect, distinguishes humans from the animals which stand closest to them.

Human learning presupposes a specific social nature and a process by which children grow into the intellectual life of those around them

A word devoid of thought is a dead thing, and a thought unembodied in words remains a shadow.

Experience teaches us that thought does not express itself in words, but rather realizes itself in them

The distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers