Markets are not static entities that are 'intervened' in (for good or bad) but are outcomes of public and private interactions.

An interesting attribute of public banks is that they don't only de-risk the downside, but also get a share of the upside.

Once we admit that the public sector takes an immense amount of risk along the entire innovation chain, it becomes crucial to find ways to share both risks and rewards.

Mainstream economic theories popular in the last several decades have tended to downplay the government's role in markets and to increase skepticism about even that more limited role. Austerity, particularly in Europe, has added to the problem. It has not worked, even on its own terms.

Germany is using its Energiewende policy as a way of envisioning a green transformation and innovation across many sectors.

Brexit and Trump's election are forcing countries to come up with new radical ideas.

Companies prefer to put money in the pockets of shareholders or to hoard cash rather than to raise wages or invest.