Roosevelt understands that there are things that are worth surrendering your career for, like defending the country against [Adolf] Hitler.

You don't say that for a senator to be a great senator he has to vote against his constituency.

We cannot be spun, or at least we'd like to think that we cannot be. And the presidents who are trying to - too overtly to try to say, here is what you historians and what you later Americans should think of my presidency, 30 or 40 years later, they look silly.

You have had presidential candidates over the last 30 years who would have had a very hard time getting nominated under the old system. One example is John Kennedy.

First of all, there's no mention of political parties in the Constitution, so you begin American history with not only no political conventions but also no parties.

So if 1960 had occurred under the old convention system, Kennedy would have had a very hard time getting the Democratic nomination because he would have been rejected by all those people who had worked with him in Washington.

The founders were very worried that if parties developed in America, you might have something like the modern Italian system, where you have 20 different parties that divide Congress and the country and can't govern.