My title is intended to suggest that the community of scientists is organized in a way which resembles certain features of a body politic and works according to economic principles similar to those by which the production of material goods is regulated.

We could not, for example, arrive at a principle like that of entropy without introducing some additional principle, such as randomness, to this topography.

Of course language manifests a belief only if we use its words with the implied acceptance of their appositeness.

No inanimate object is ever fully determined by the laws of physics and chemistry.

And the actual achievements of biology are explanations in terms of mechanisms founded on physics and chemistry, which is not the same thing as explanations in terms of physics and chemistry.

Personal participation is the universal principle of knowing.

Human beings exercise responsibilities within a social setting and a framework of obligations which transcend the principle of intelligence.