If we internationalize everything, we end up with rules that stifle freedom and innovation.

My career in academic research has not been involved with active management of securities. I've tried to understand risk-and-return relationships; also the pricing of derivative securities.

I'm a theorist, not an institutionalist.

Innovation must lead infrastructure for a simple but compelling reason: Innovation produces new types of products and markets, and it is virtually impossible to know how to run those markets efficiently before they are created.

I was involved with Wells Fargo Bank as a consultant in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when I suggested to them that they develop a product that has become known as index funds.

If we internationalize everything, we end up with rules that stifle freedom and innovation.

Sometimes the early bird gets the worm, but sometimes the early bird gets frozen to death.