The sense of all stylistic change is that the underlying view of the world changes.
In Gnosticism, the physical world did not ultimately matter - which meant physical suffering did not matter either. Seeking 'enlightenment' meant cultivating an attitude of detachment, even indifference.
All of science is largely formalized common sense.
The Rosetta Stone of Christian social thought is the Trinity.
The only way to drive out bad culture is with good culture
An idol is anything put in the place of God as the ultimate reality - the eternal, self-existent, uncaused cause of everything else.