Economic sanctions rarely achieve the desired results.

We do not control the trade of our resources, which are an important factor of prosperity for the dominant nations.

The most powerful State in the world, which up to now was relatively protected from terrorist violence, is no longer an inviolable sanctuary.

From the time of independences until the end of the Cold War, in spite of the participation of a considerable number of African states in the non-aligned movement, everyone in fact chose to align with one or another of the two major blocks.

The introduction of political pluralism often quickly led to bad results.

Globalization, far from putting an end to power diplomacy between States, has, on the contrary, intensified it.

Certainly, Africa accounts for only l % of world trade, and we cannot assure our development on our own.