Structuralism argues that a liberal capitalist world economy tends to preserve or actually increase inequalities between developed and less developed economies.

Many critics see international trade as a form of cultural imperialism that must be strictly controlled.

The competitive nation-state system, with all its capacity for good and evil, is spreading in the Third World and is transforming that world.

There is a pressing need to integrate the study of international economics with the study of international politics to deepen our comprehension of the forces at work in the world.

Despite its increased dependence on the international economy, America continues to behave as if it were either a closed economy or the leader whom everyone else should automatically follow.

The parallel existence and mutual interaction of "state" and "market" in the modern world create "political economy"; without both state and market there could be no political economy.

Specialization makes the welfare of the society vulnerable to the market and to political forces beyond national control.