A new era in the physiological investigation of linguistic sounds was opened up by X-ray photography.

When I speak it is in order to be heard.

Speech sounds cannot be understood, delimited, classified and explained except in the light of the tasks which they perform in language.

The search for the symbolic value of phonemes, each taken as a whole, runs the risk of giving rise to ambiguous and trivial interpretations because phonemes are complex entities, bundles of different distinctive features.

Acoustic phonetics, which is developing and increasing in richness very rapidly, already enables us to solve many of the mysteries of sound, mysteries which motor phonetics could not even begin to solve.

The poetic function is the set towards the message itself, focus on the message for its own sake which by promoting the palpability of signs, deepens the fundamental dichotomy of signs and objects.

What's next? Shall we appoint elephants to teach zoology?