When ownership is local and national, and various stakeholders work together, program innovations have a greater chance to take root and survive.

In the late 60s, 70s and possibly early 80s, social scientists were interested in researching the diffusion of innovation and studying the link between applied research and policy and program development. Recently there has been less interest in these issues and we feel that this interest must be rekindled.

It is not enough to give money for demonstration projects. From the very beginning plans should be made for the scaling-up of successful innovations.

When ownership is local and national, and various stakeholders work together, program innovations have a greater chance to take root and survive.

We have emphasized the importance of applied action research because it allows evidence-based policy and program development and a focus on learning. We are also committed to using a participatory approach in which local people, local program managers and providers, local researchers, women's health activists, and national decision-makers play the leading role. International "experts" from technical assistance agencies or universities can make important contributions, but they certainly don't have all the answers.

It all started in India in the late 60s when I began helping my husband George, who was in the population field, evaluate the introduction of the intrauterine contraceptive device. At that time the IUD was considered to be the panacea for India's population problem. George's dissertation was focused on population and he became interested in the question of this new technology and how people were responding to it.

If I can give a very substantial injection of humanistic thinking into corporations, boy, that would change things a lot.