I surrender this rifle to you through my young son, whom I now desire to teach in this manner that he has become a friend of the Americans. I wish him to learn the habits of the whites and to be educated as their sons are educated. I wish it to be remembered that I was the last man of my tribe to surrender my rifle. This boy has given it to you, and he now wants to know how he is going to make a living.

What treaty that the whites have kept has the red man broken? Not one.

You think I am a fool, but you are a greater fool than I am.

This nation is like a spring freshet; it overruns its banks and destroys all who are in its path.

Hear me people: We have now to deal with another race - small and feeble when our fathers first met them, but now great and overbearing. Strangely enough they have a mind to till the soil and the love of possession is a disease with them. These people have made many rules that the rich may break but the poor may not. They take their tithes from the poor and weak to support the rich and those who rule.

Now that we are poor, we are free. No white man controls our footsteps.

The white man knows how to make everything, but he does not know how to distribute it.