Readers pass vocaulary tests. Nonreaders struggle.
Extrinsic reading rewards may not be necessary and may backfire.
If children read 1 million words in a year, atl least 1,000 words will be added to their vocabulary.
However, a rich print environment helps only when more reading is done.
People acquiring a second language have the best chance for success through reading.
Malcolm X educated himself in prison by reading.