He whose ranks are united in purpose will be victorious.

Those who do not know the plans of competitors cannot prepare alliances. Those who do not know the lay of the land cannot maneuver their forces. Those who do not use local guides cannot take advantage of the ground.

If fighting is sure to result in victory, then you must fight.

A military operation involves deception. Even though you are competent, appear to be incompetent. Though effective, appear to be ineffective.

If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle

If there is disturbance in the camp, the general's authority is weak. If the banners and flags are shifted about, sedition is afoot. If the officers are angry, it means that the men are weary.

With regard to narrow passes, if you can occupy them first, let them be strongly garrisoned and await the advent of the enemy.