Votes in federal elections are cast and counted in a highly decentralized and variable fashion, with no uniform ballots and few national standards.
Thomas E. MannBut presidential approval also became a surrogate measure of national unity and patriotism.
Thomas E. MannAll of this suggests that while citizens became more comfortable with President Bush after September 11 and thought him to have the requisite leadership skills, they continue to harbor doubts about his priorities, loyalties, interests, and policies.
Thomas E. MannA healthy degree of party unity among Democrats and Republicans has deteriorated into bitter partisan warfare.
Thomas E. Mann