Having lasted for 4,000 years, the use of nature's materials to express ideas about nature may be expected to continue. The best garden designs are produced with an awareness of the art, science, history, geography, philosophy, social habits and construction techniques of their period.

Landscape planners will have the opportunity to make sculptured roofscapes, so that cities appear to be verdant hills and valleys. Streets will become shady routes carved through the undergrowth. Roofs will become mountain tops. People will become ants.

Garden design theory explains, or should explain, the 'What, Where, Why and How' of making gardens.

Many of the world's best-designed cities have been inspired by garden concepts.

Modernism', as a label, has currency in the arts, architecture, planning, landscape, politics, theology, cultural history and elsewhere.

In ancient times the ritual, mythological and doctrinal aspects of spiritual space were predominant.

There is much to learn about what could happen in the gardens of the future, should designers wish to learn about the past.