The conflict with Islam has, after all, existed throughout European history.

Islam in the Arab world coexists with Indonesian, Pakistani and Turkish Islam. There is limited solidarity, even within the Arab world.

The conflict with Islam has, after all, existed throughout European history.

A Europe that qualifies its own values is not attractive in the eyes of Muslims. Europe must conduct itself as a strong partner, both intellectually and spiritually, and it must be convinced of its own advantages. This is the only way we will gain respect.

Those who are unprepared to demonstrate tolerance cannot expect or even demand tolerance for themselves.

There is no such thing as one Islam. The Koran is ambiguous and Islam is not a monolithic entity.

One unanswered question is whether a Euro-Islam that combines Islam with democracy will be possible in the future. We mustn't confuse desire with reality.