Expected outcomes contribute to motivation independently of self-efficacy beliefs when outcomes are not completely controlled by quality of performance. This occurs when extraneous factors also affect outcomes, or outcomes are socially tied to a minimum level of performance so that some variations in quality of performance above and below the standard do not produce differential outcomes
Albert BanduraThe adequacy of performance attainments depends upon the personal standards against which they are judged
Albert BanduraIncongruities between self-efficacy and action may stem from misperceptions of task demands, as well as from faulty self-knowledge
Albert BanduraBecause of such conjointedness, behavior that exerts no effect whatsoever on outcomes is developed and consistently performed
Albert BanduraThe content of most textbooks is perishable, but the tools of self-directedness serve one well over time.
Albert Bandura