So-called racial characteristics are not really racial at all but are due to the historical experiences of the communities in question.
Arnold J. ToynbeeThe last stage but one of every civilisation, is characterised by the forced political unification of its constituent parts, into a single greater whole.
Arnold J. ToynbeeWe have been God-like in our planned breeding of our domesticated plants and animals, but we have been rabbit-like in our unplanned breeding of ourselves.
Arnold J. ToynbeeThe immense cities lie basking on the beaches of the continent like whales that have taken to the land.
Arnold J. ToynbeeOf the twenty or so civilizations known to modern Western historians, all except our own appear to be dead or moribund, and, when we diagnose each case... we invariably find that the cause of death has been either War or Class or some combination of the two.
Arnold J. ToynbeeThe West has never been all of the world that matters. The West has not been the only actor on the stage of modern history even at the peak of the West's power (and this peak has perhaps now already been passed)... It has not been the West that has been hit by the world; it has been the world that has been hit - and hit hard - by the West.
Arnold J. Toynbee