I pressed my father's hand and told him I would protect his grave with my life. My father smiled and passed away to the spirit land.
Chief JosephWe had a great many horses, of which we gave Lewis and Clark what they needed, and they gave us guns and tobacco in return.
Chief JosephThe earth is our mother. She should not be disturbed by hoe or plough. We want only to subsist on what she freely gives us.
Chief Joseph