So the major obstacle to the development of new supplies is not geology but what happens above ground: international affairs, politics, investment and technology.

The world has produced about 1 trillion barrels of oil since the start of the industry in the nineteenth century. Currently, it is thought that there are at least 5 trillion barrels of petroleum resources, of which 1.4 trillion is sufficiently developed and technically and economically accessible.

The North Sea was supposed to run out in the 1980s. Then in the 1990s. And now production is still on-line.

Clearly, the Chinese need the resources, but I don't think they want to clash with the industrial world which happens to be the market for their goods.

Even Silicon Valley investors have put well over a $1 billion in new energy technologies.

We experienced similiar fears in the 1880s, at the end of World War I and II. And we ran out in the 1970s.

In the mid-1980s, operating problems took [nuclear] plants off-line so often that, on an annual basis, they operated at only about 55 percent of their rated total generating capacity. Today, as a result of several decades of experience and an intense focus on performance ... nuclear plants in the United States operate at over 90 percent of capacity. That improvement in operating efficiently is so significant in its impact that it can almost be seen as a new source in electric power itself.