From the lowest animals of which we can affirm intelligence up to man this type of intellect is found.

To the intelligent man with an interest in human nature it must often appear strange that so much of the energy of the scientific world has been spent on the study of the body and so little on the study of the mind.

The restriction of studies of human intellect and character to studies of conscious states was not without influence on a scientific studies of animal psychology.

So the animal finally performs in that situation only the fitting act.

Dogs get lost hundreds of times and no one ever notices it or sends an account of it to a scientific magazine.

It will of course, be understood that directly or indirectly, soon or late, every advance in the sciences of human nature will contribute to our success in controlling human nature and changing it to the advantage of the common wheel.

Human beings are accustomed to think of intellect as the power of having and controlling ideas and of ability to learn as synonymous with ability to have ideas. But learning by having ideas is really one of the rare and isolated events in nature.