You attain aptness by judging while in good shape and in a good situation (good light, good distance, etc.), through the exercise of good barn-sorting epistemic competence.
Ernest SosaFlourishing is properly the main human end, and flourishing is activity of soul that succeeds in accord with virtue.
Ernest SosaWhen we speak of ordinary unqualified knowledge, my thought is that we are implicitly relativizing to the standards imposed by our evolution-derived humanity. These are standards that determine when we consider it appropriate to store beliefs just as a human being, rather than in one's capacity as an expert of one or another sort. Such stored beliefs are to be available for later use in one's own thought or in testimony to others.
Ernest SosaIf we have a better understanding of knowledge than we do of such justification or competence, then we can explain the latter through the former.
Ernest Sosa