If we have a better understanding of knowledge than we do of such justification or competence, then we can explain the latter through the former.

Compare the credit for a football touchdown, which might be shared by the receiver not only with the quarterback, but also with the linesmen who make crucial protective plays, etc. The success of the touchdown play depends on the receiver, it is true; but in a particular case it might depend far more on the work of others.

Animal knowledge is metaphysically constituted by apt belief, by belief whose correctness manifests the believer's epistemic competence, a relevant disposition to get it right on the matter at hand when one tries to do so.

Descartes's epistemology is a special case of Aristotle's virtue ethics.

We can pursue the Cartesian project without restricting ourselves to theology and a priori faculties. A better, broader perspective is properly sought if we pursue the project with reliance on science broadly and on our full span of epistemic competences, including the empirical as well as the a priori.

Any defense of common sense must allow that it is revisable.

When you dream, your perceptual (and other) competence is affected. You are then unable to get it right competently with the beliefs in your dream.