The Queen is by much the most powerful of the forces.

When neither party can give checkmate, the game is drawn

It is the duty of the Umpire to determine all questions submitted to him according to these laws, when they apply, and according to his best judgment when they do not apply.

After white's reply to 1.e4 e5 with 2.f4 the game is in its last throes

After black's reply to 1.e4 with 1..e5, leaves him always trying to get into the game

For playing a man to a square to which it cannot be legally moved, the adversary, at his option, may require him to move the man legally, or to move the King.

In Castling, the King must be moved first, or before the Rook is quitted. If the Rook be quitted before the King is touched, the opposing player may demand that the move of the Rook shall stand without the Castling being completed.