After black's reply to 1.e4 with 1..e5, leaves him always trying to get into the game

The game of chess is the most fascinating and intellectual pastime which the wisdom of antiquity has bequeathed to us.

A player is said to have the opposition when he can place his King directly in front of the adverse King, with only one square between them. This is often an important advantage in ending games.

It is the duty of the Umpire to determine all questions submitted to him according to these laws, when they apply, and according to his best judgment when they do not apply.

Each player, it will be observed, has eight superior Pieces or officers, and eight minor ones which are called Pawns; and, for the purpose of distinction, the Pieces and Pawns of one party are of a different color from those of the other.

The Queen is usually reckoned equal, in average situations, to two Rooks and a Pawn, but towards the end of a game she is hardly so valuable as two Rooks.

For touching an adversary's man, when it cannot be captured, the offender must move his King.