The Chess-board must be placed with a white square at the right-hand corner.

If, during the course of the game, it be discovered that any error or illegality has been committed in the moves of the pieces, the moves must be retraced, and the necessary correction made, without penalty.

The game of chess is the most fascinating and intellectual pastime which the wisdom of antiquity has bequeathed to us.

It is the duty of the Umpire to determine all questions submitted to him according to these laws, when they apply, and according to his best judgment when they do not apply.

The Queen is by much the most powerful of the forces.

After black's reply to 1.e4 with 1..e5, leaves him always trying to get into the game

Each player, it will be observed, has eight superior Pieces or officers, and eight minor ones which are called Pawns; and, for the purpose of distinction, the Pieces and Pawns of one party are of a different color from those of the other.