The problem of transmitting scientific knowledge is a very difficult business.

In 1933, the Nazis came to power and the more systematic persecution of the Jews followed quickly. Laws were enacted which excluded Jewish children from higher education in public schools.

I survived only a year in Berkeley, partly because I declined to sign the anticommunist loyalty oath.

I feel I learned as much from fellow students as from the professors.

I remember Nazi election propaganda posters showing a hateful Jewish face with crooked nose.

I joined the Army and was sent to the MIT radiation laboratory after a few months of introduction to electromagnetic wave theory in a special course, given for Army personnel at the University of Chicago.

I studied chemical engineering. I was a good student, but these were the hard times of the depression, my scholarship came to an end, and it was necessary to work to supplement the family income.