In the post-enlightenment Europe of the 19th century the highest authority was no longer the Church. Instead it was science. Thus was born racial anti-Semitism, based on two disciplines regarded as science in their day - the 'scientific study of race' and the Social Darwinism of Herbert Spencer and Ernst Haeckel.

Since the 18th century, many Western intellectuals have predicted religion's imminent demise.

I think our people in Britain have a normative expectation of ethical conduct.

Religiosity turns out to be the best indicator of civic involvement: it's more accurate than education, age, income, gender or race.

People are feeling and sensing a return of anti-Semitism - even in Europe, which, seventy years after the Holocaust, is a very scary thing. I think they are feeling that Israel is very isolated and doesn't always get what they see as fair treatment in the European media.

A survey carried out across the U.S. between 2004 and 2006 showed that frequent church- or synagogue-goers are more likely to give money to charity.

True freedom requires the rule of law and justice, and a judicial system in which the rights of some are not secured by the denial of rights to others.