Proteins are the machinery of living tissue that builds the structures and carries out the chemical reactions necessary for life.

Biology has progressed tremendously due to the model that Darwin put forth. But the black boxes Darwin accepted are now being opened, and our view of the world is again being shaken.

In private many scientists admit that science has no explanation for the beginning of life... Darwin never imagined the exquisitely profound complexity that exists even at the most basic levels of life.

In many biological structures proteins are simply components of larger molecular machines.

We are not inferring design to account for a black box, but to account for an open box.

In the abstract, it might be tempting to imagine that irreducible complexity simply requires multiple simultaneous mutations - that evolution might be far chancier than we thought, but still possible. Such an appeal to brute luck can never be refuted... Luck is metaphysical speculation; scientific explanations invoke causes.

In order to say that some function is understood, every relevant step in the process must be elucidated.