We can look high or we can look low in books or in journals, but the result is the same. The scientific literature has no answers to the question of the origin of the immune system.

It was a shock to people of the nineteenth century when they discovered, from observations science had made, that many features of the biological world could be ascribed to the elegant principle of natural selection.

The basic structure of proteins is quite simple: they are formed by hooking together in a chain discrete subunits called amino acids.

Proteins are the machinery of living tissue that builds the structures and carries out the chemical reactions necessary for life.

As the number of unexplained, irreducibly complex biological systems increases, our confidence that Darwin's criterion of failure has been met skyrockets toward the maximum that science allows.

Thus it seemed to Haeckel that such simple life could easily be produced from inanimate material.

The theory of undirected evolution is already dead, but the work of science continues.