What we call ideology is precisely the confusion of linguistic with natural reality, of reference with phenomenalism
Paul de ManThe bases for historical knowledge are not empirical facts but written texts, even if these texts masquerade in the guise of wars or revolutions.
Paul de ManThe critical method which denies literary modernity would appear -- and even, in certain respects, would be -- the most modern of critical movements.
Paul de ManThe writer's language is to some degree the product of his own action; he is both the historian and the agent of his own language.
Paul de Man