Since the time of Plato and Aristotle philosophers have had an interest in taking note of common fallacies in reasoning.
Randal MarlinAristotle writes that persuasion is based on three things: the ethos, or personal character of the speaker; the pathos, or getting the audience into the right kind of emotional receptivity; and the logos, or the argument itself, carried out by abbreviated syllogisms, or something like deductive syllogisms, and by the use of example.
Randal Marlin