Since the time of Plato and Aristotle philosophers have had an interest in taking note of common fallacies in reasoning.

There are many special interests skilful at manipulating circumstances and communications in such a way as to benefit their own ends and not necessarily the public good.

When you give false information you tend to restrict the freedom of choice to others.

Down to the present day the luminous image of democracy has often served as a pretext for the most undemocratic actions.

Once we recognize the power of propaganda, we need to ask whether its exercise is consistent with those democratic ideals to which lip-service is commonly accorded.

We live in a time when complex ethical questions are easily subordinated to the demands of efficiency, profit maximization, and maintenance or furthering of political power.

There are many other ways in which language can be used to manipulate an audience. one obvious way is to simply lie.