Treatment of the apparently whimsical fluctuations of the stock quotations as truly non stationary processes requires a model of such complexity that its practical value is likely to be limited. An additional complication, not encompassed by most stock market models, arises from the manifestation of the market as a nonzero sum game.
Richard Arnold EpsteinA proven theorem of game theory states that every game with complete information possesses a saddle point and therefore a solution.
Richard Arnold EpsteinThe assumption that individuals act objectively in accordance with purely mathematical dictates to maximize their gain or utility cannot be sustained by empirical observation.
Richard Arnold EpsteinThere are no conventional games involving conditions of uncertainty without risk.
Richard Arnold Epstein