Languages differ essentially in what they must convey and not in what they may convey.

When I speak it is in order to be heard.

Languages differ essentially in what they must convey and not in what they may convey.

It is once again the vexing problem of identity within variety; without a solution to this disturbing problem there can be no system, no classification.

Linguistic sounds, considered as external, physical phenomena have two aspects, the motor and the acoustic.

Remember that the pharynx is at a crossroads from which leads off, at the top, the passage to the mouth cavity and the passage to the nasal cavity, and below, the passage to the larynx.

The search for the symbolic value of phonemes, each taken as a whole, runs the risk of giving rise to ambiguous and trivial interpretations because phonemes are complex entities, bundles of different distinctive features.